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a Department
of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht,
The Netherlands, b Department of
Nutritional Epidemiology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, The
Netherlands
Correspondence to: Dr M P A Zeegers mpa.zeegers{at}epid.unimaas.nl
Accepted 30 April 2001
OBJECTIVES
This study
was conducted to estimate risk of bladder cancer associated with
occupational exposures to paint components, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), diesel exhausts, and aromatic amines among the
general population in The Netherlands.
METHODSA prospective
cohort study was conducted among 58 279 men. In September 1986, the
cohort members (55-69 years) completed a self administered
questionnaire on risk factors for cancer including job history. Follow
up for incident bladder cancer was established by linkage to cancer
registries until December 1992. A case-cohort approach was used based
on 532 cases and 1630 subcohort members. A case by case expert
assessment was carried out to assign to the cases and subcohort members
a cumulative probability of occupational exposure for each carcinogenic exposure.
RESULTSMen in the
highest tertiles of occupational exposure to paint components, PAHs,
aromatic amines, and diesel exhaust had non-significantly higher age
and smoking adjusted incident rate ratios (RRs) of bladder cancer than
men with no exposure: 1.29 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.71 to
2.33), 1.24 (95% CI 0.68 to 2.27), 1.32 (95% CI 0.41 to 4.23) and
1.21 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.88), respectively. The associations between
paint components and PAHs and risk of bladder cancer were most
pronounced for current smokers. Among former smokers it seemed that for
cumulative probability of exposure to paint components and PAHs, men
who had smoked more than 15 cigarettes a day had RRs below unity
compared with men who had smoked less than 15 cigarettes a day, whereas
among current smokers the opposite was found. Exposure to diesel
exhaust was positively associated with risk of bladder cancer among
current and former smokers who had smoked more than 15 cigarettes a day.
CONCLUSIONSThis
study provided only marginal evidence for an association between
occupational exposure to paint components, PAHs, aromatic amines, and
bladder cancer. Despite the small proportion of exposed subjects, an
interaction with cigarette smoking was found, specifically for paint
components, suggesting that the carcinogenic effect on the bladder
might decrease after stopping smoking.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  C M Samanic, M Kogevinas, D T Silverman, A Tardon, C Serra, N Malats, F X Real, A Carrato, R Garcia-Closas, M Sala, et al. Occupation and bladder cancer in a hospital-based case-control study in Spain Occup. Environ. Med., May 1, 2008; 65(5): 347 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D Boers, M P A Zeegers, G M Swaen, I. Kant, and P A van den Brandt The influence of occupational exposure to pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, and mineral oil on prostate cancer: a prospective cohort study Occup. Environ. Med., August 1, 2005; 62(8): 531 - 537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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